The task of keeping the rate of inflation low and stable is usually given to _______ .

Выберите один или несколько ответов:

a. monetary authorities

b. mainstream economists

c. monetary policy

d. Marxian economics

Choose the most appropriate translation: The animal or person is first conditioned to respond to a signal like a bell in the way described above.

Выберите один ответ:

a. Животное или человек сначала отвечают на такой описанный выше сигнал, как колокольчик.

b. Животное или человек первым делом реагирует на такой сигнал, как колокольчик так, как описано выше.

c. Животное или человек сначала научаются реагировать на такой сигнал, как колокольчик так, как описано выше.

d. Животное или человек впервые условно отвечают на такой сигнал, как колокольчик так, как описано выше.

Read Text IV SIMPLE LEARNING. Fill in the most suitable word: Pavlov noticed that the flow of the saliva in the mouth _________ in the dog's mouth at the sight of the food.

Выберите один ответ:

a. began

b. happened

c. started

d. occurred

Read Text IV SIMPLE LEARNING. Fill in the most suitable word: The dog's responses to the food in the mouth were considered automatic reflex responses that are_________, but the response to the sight of food was a learned, or conditioned, response.

Выберите один ответ:

a. inborn

b. congenital

c. indigenous

d. inherent

Read Text IV SIMPLE LEARNING. Fill in the most suitable word: ___________ have formulated a number of theories about how learning takes place

Выберите один ответ:

a. Phisicians

b. Physiologists

c. Physics

d. Psychologists

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:

Выберите один ответ:

a. I’ve told them I’d come again next year.

b. I’ve told them I’ve come again next year.

c. I’ve told them I come again next year.

d. I’ve told them I’ll come again next year.

e. “I’ll come again next year,” I’ve told them.

 “Don’t _____ lies!” father _________ to his naughty son, while mentoring him.

Выберите один ответ:

a. say, boasted

b. tell, said

c. warn, denied

d. deny, promised

1. Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Fill in the most suitable word: The transfer of effects from the learning of one skill that ________ the subsequent learning of another.

Выберите один ответ:

a. manage

b. crown

c. direct

d. help

Her experience

Выберите один ответ:

a. terrifying

b. have been terrifying

c. was terrifying

d. was terrified

Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Answer the question: What is latent learning?

Выберите один ответ:

a. acquiring knowledge with deliberate repeatable efforts, and the results are unlimited

b. any learning which is immediately manifested in performance

c. the type of learning, which occurs without intention or obvious cause

d. learning that manifests itself when reinforcement is not offered

There is a strong association between ageing and many kinds of intellectual ________ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. similarity

b. achievement

c. skill

d. feature

Choose the appropriate translation of the words in italics: Just as in the original experiments the signals become associated with the food by their close association, that association can be extinguished by reversing the procedure.

Выберите один ответ:

a. подавлена; отмена

b. потушена; задний ход

c. уничтожена; аннулирование

d. убита; обратная сторона

Choose the right transcription of the word “digestion”:

Выберите один ответ:

a. [di´gesʃən]

b. [dai´gesʧən]

c. [dai´dʒesʧən]

d. [di´ʒesʧən]

High rates of inflation are caused by an excessive growth of the _______ .

Выберите один или несколько ответов:

a. scarcity

b. labour market

c. price index

d. money supply

On _____ that she had just come in, he sent a maid to her room ______ her to go down though he realized that it was no use _____ to her again.

Выберите один ответ:

a. being told, to ask, speaking

b. telling, asking, to speak

c. being having told, to ask, speaking

d. having told, to have asked, to have spoken

The adventure _________ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. will be excited

b. have been excited

c. was exciting

d. was excited

Fill in the most suitable word: In Ivan Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the smell of food was the _________ stimulus.

Выберите один ответ:

a. numerous

b. positive

c. unconditioned

d. negative

 “When they arrived, I was still cooking the dinner,” she said.

Выберите один ответ:

a. She said that when they arrived, I was still cooking the dinner.

b. She told that when they had arrived, she was still cooking the dinner.

c. She said that when they had arrived, she was still cooking the dinner.

d. She said that when they arrived, she was still cooking the dinner.

Fill in the most suitable word: In Ivan Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the smell of food was the __________ stimulus.

Выберите один ответ:

a. reasonable

b. conditioned

c. ubreasonable

d. unconditioned

Fill in the right word: Even a temporary isolation from the group __________ the tendency towards conformity.

Выберите один ответ:

a. is signed

b. is acquired

c. strengthens

d. presents

Ivan Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)___________

Выберите один ответ:

a. conditioned stimulus

b. . unconditional stimulus

c. primary reinforcer

d. immediate reinforcer

Fill in the most suitable word: Complex learning is the _________of knowledge, skills and attitudes

Выберите один ответ:

a. integration

b. union

c. association

d. enlargement

Fill in the most suitable word: ________ provides the instructor with ways to manipulate students with stimuli, induce the desired behavior or response, and reinforce the behavior with appropriate rewards.

Выберите один ответ:

a. Behaviorism

b. Gestaltism

c. Freudism

d. Cognitivism

Fill in the most suitable word: Learning theory may be described as a body of principles advocated by psychologists and educators to explain how people __________ skills, knowledge, and attitudes.

Выберите один ответ:

a. acquire

b. occur

c. manipulate

d. have

Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Fill in the most suitable word: Reinforcement can be of _______ types.

Выберите один ответ:

a. five

b. three

c. four

d. two

I want _____ my holidays in Spain.

Выберите один ответ:

a. spent

b. to be spending

c. to spend

d. spend

What an ________ person he is!

Выберите один ответ:

a. amaze

b. amazing

c. amazement

d. amazed

1. Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Fill in the most suitable word: __________ of learning and practice allows the material or skill to be much better assimilated.

Выберите один ответ:

a. Description

b. Distribution

c. Contribution

d. Inclusion

Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Fill in the most suitable word: ____________ the basic principle of learning

Выберите один ответ:

a. reinforcement

b. strengthening

c. fortification

d. consolidation

The mother in a state of high . _________about her son's illness took him to a hospital.

Выберите один ответ:

a. similarity,

b. effort,

c. anxiety

d. feature

Philosophic materialism interprets consciousness as a reflection of the ______world.

Выберите один ответ:

a. cunning

b. external

c. intricate

d. inner

Some child psychologists perceived a. ________- in the early behaviour of animals and the human infant.

Выберите один ответ:

a. effort

b. achievement

c. feature

d. similarity

Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Which is odd in the types of reinforcement: Reinforcement can be …

Выберите один ответ:

a. pleasing

b. occasional

c. constant

d. partial

Let her ______ it herself. She is considered ____ a careful and can’t stand _______ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. doing, being, helping

b. to do, to be, to help

c. do, being, to be helped

d. do, to be, being helped

Choose the right variant: She told us that the new furniture _________the day before.

Выберите один ответ:

a. would be delivered

b. will be delivered

c. was delivered

d. had been delivered

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:

“I’ll see you tomorrow,” she said to her.

Выберите один ответ:

a. She said she would see me next day.

b. She said she will see me next day.

c. She said she will see me the next day.

d. She said she would see me the next day.

Which word is odd in the interpretation range of the word in italics: The food was called the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov’s experiments.

Выберите один ответ:

a. inborn

b. automative

c. natural

d. automatical

Read Text IV SIMPLE LEARNING. Fill in the most suitable word: Learning may be defined as changes in _________ as the result of past experience.

Выберите один ответ:

a. motive

b. mood

c. behaviour

d. stimulus

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:

“Why won’t you let me in?” he shouted.

Выберите один ответ:

a. He demanded to know why will she not let him in.

b. He demanded to know why wouldn’t she let him in.

c. He demanded to know why she won’t let him in.

d. He demanded to know why she wouldn’t let him in.

What is the attribute in the underlined word combination: “The signal — response sequence for learning is called 'classical conditioning'”.

Выберите один ответ:

a. response

b. sequence

c. The signal — response

d. signal

What does the word in italics imply: This is a gradual process of building up the learning of associations that link together many different signals or stimuli

Выберите один ответ:

a. make a connection between two or more signals or stimuli

b. spring a leakage

c. flow in one stream

d. run in the same direction

Read Text IV SIMPLE LEARNING. Fill in the most suitable word: One of the most important studies of learning, like many ________of science, was initiated almost by accident.

Выберите один ответ:

a. discoveries

b. attempts

c. excursions

d. explosions

Can encouraging investment in non-monetary capital projects be regarded as positive effects of inflation?

Выберите один ответ:

a. it’s impossible to answer for sure

b. yes

c. it depends upon the country and the government’s economic policy

d. no

What does the underlined word in the sentence “The consensus view is that a long sustained period of inflation is caused by money supply growing faster than the rate of economic growth” mean?

Выберите один ответ:

a. continuous

b. continuing for a long time

c. restricted

d. determined

What does the underlined word in the given word combination ” to increase interest rates by fiat” mean:?

Выберите один ответ:

a. slightly

b. hardly

c. tightly

d. order

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:

“I’ll see you tomorrow,” she said to her.

Выберите один ответ:

a. She said she would see me next day.

b. She said she will see me next day.

c. She said she will see me the next day.

d. She said she would see me the next day.

Fill in the right word: In 1904 when Pavlov was awarded _________ in Medicine for his work on the digestive processes.

Выберите один ответ:

a. a Nobel Prize

b. an Enlightener Prize

c. a Medicine Prize

d. a Debut Prize

“Go and tidy your room,” he _____ to his son.

Выберите один ответ:

a. told

b. said

c. proclaim

d. insisted

Fill in the most suitable word: The signal, which was the sight of the food or a bell in Pavlov’s experiments, was called the _________ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. conditioned response

b. conditional response

c. conditioned reflux

d. conditional respond

Fill in the most suitable word: Learning can be defined as a change in behavior as a result of_________ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. experience

b. moral ability

c. physical strength

d. will teach

e. inner potency

Fill in the most suitable word: Even though psychologists and _________ are not in complete agreement, most do agree that learning may be explained by a combination of two basic approaches: behaviorism and the cognitive theories.

Выберите один ответ:

a. doctors

b. freudians

c. educators

d. cognitivists

This room wants _____ again.

Выберите один ответ:

a. to paint

b. to be being painted

c. to be painting

d. painting

Fill in the most suitable word: Various branches of learning theory are used in formal training programs to _________ and accelerate the learning process.

Выберите один ответ:

a. reduce

b. diminish

c. worsen

d. improve

I heard Uncle Henry _____ something to Paul. To my astonishment he seemed ______ what had happened to me. Then he let ____ to my room.

Выберите один ответ:

a. whisper, to be asking, to go

b. whisper, ask, go

c. whispering, asking, going

d. to whisper, to ask, to go

After _____ a few pages I felt like _____ a break; I was eager _____ so I laid my work aside for a time.

Выберите один ответ:

a. I have written, to have, strolling

b. having written, have, strolling

c. written, having, to have, strolling

d. writing, having, to stroll

Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Fill in the most suitable word: What are the conditions of successful learning?

Выберите один ответ:

a. desire and demand

b. disinclination and carelessness

c. unwillingness and neglect

d. reluctance and indulgence

Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Answer the question: What is occasional reinforcement?

Выберите один ответ:

a. constant rewarding stimuli

b. infrequent act of strengthening or encouraging something

c. permanent thing that strengthens or encourages something

d. irreversible enhancement of behavior

Don’t you remember _______ me at the Browns’ last summer? We used ______- at their place every Friday.

Выберите один ответ:

a. seeing, to meet

b. to see, to meet

c. to see, meeting

d. seeing, meeting

She felt _________ in the hot sun.

Выберите один ответ:

a. being relaxed

b. been relaxed

c. relaxing

d. relaxed

Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Fill in the most suitable word: When the student or learner does something that leads to success he is much more likely to repeat it; when he________ , he is not likely to repeat it.

Выберите один ответ:

a. denies

b. fails

c. weakens

d. refuses

A great deal of thought may be required in learning _______ but in the end the behaviour patterns become largely automatic.

Выберите один ответ:

a. feature

b. achievement

c. similarity

d. effort

Hedenied _______ the money.

Выберите один ответ:

a. having taken

b. to have taken

c. take

d. to take

She went on _______ for hours.

Выберите один ответ:

a. talking

b. being talked

c. having been talking

d. to talk

I regret ________ you that there is no money left in your account.

Выберите один ответ:

a. telling

b. to tell

c. to have told

d. having told

The children __________ with the clown’s tricks.

Выберите один ответ:

a. having thrilled

b. thrilling

c. was thrilled

d. were thrilled

Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Fill in the most suitable word: Much motivation can lead to extreme anxiety and excitement which will actually __________ the learning process

Выберите один ответ:

a. interfere with

b. diminish

c. enhance

d. increase

He stood beside a bush of roses ______ the last bees _____ into the hive. He seemed _____ attention to Ann’s cry.

Выберите один ответ:

a. watching, to crawl, to pay

b. watched, crawl, paid

c. watching, crawling, to have paid

d. having watched, to be crawling, to be paying

He _________ by her sudden change of attitude.

Выберите один ответ:

a. was very surprising

b. was very surprised

c. will be very surprising

d. had been very surprising

He _________ by the threatening phone calls.

Выберите один ответ:

a. have been disturbed

b. was disturbing

c. will be disturbing

d. was disturbed

The police_________ by the clues.

Выберите один ответ:

a. were puzzled

b. was puzzled

c. will be puzzling

d. were puzzling

______ breakfast on dry bread and ______ in his pocket another piece of bread _____ for dinner, he settled himself at a desk of the reading room. He looked forward to _____ his first book.

Выберите один ответ:

a. Having, carried, serving, having taken

b. Having had, having carrying, to serve, taking

c. Having, carrying, serving, take

d. Having had, carrying, to serve, taking

. Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Fill in the most suitable word: It is preferable to learn under the __________of rewards rather than the threat of punishments.

Выберите один ответ:

a. incentive

b. motivation

c. motive

d. impulse

She _________ in anything antique.

Выберите один ответ:

a. was interested

b. will be interesting

c. interested

d. was interesting

________ were made to control the process.

Выберите один ответ:

a. skills.

b. achievements

c. studies

d. similarities

1. Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. What does “negative transfer” imply?

Выберите один ответ:

a. The interference of the previous knowledge with new learning

b. Rapid learning in a new situation because the stimuli or responses required are similar to those learned in an earlier situation.

He found his history lesson extremely _________ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. boredom

b. boring

c. bored

d. having bored

You look rather tired. You are unlikely ______ the work in time. You had better _____ home now. It is not worth ________ for another several hours.

Выберите один ответ:

a. to have finished, going, working

b. to be finishing, be going, be working

c. to have been finishing, to go, to work

d. to finish, go, working

Read Text VI COMPLEX LEARNING AND LANGUAGE. Fill in the most suitable word: If we are trying to teach someone a lesson, his desire to learn will ______ his achievement

Выберите один ответ:

a. diminish

b. enhance

c. decrease

d. lessen

He is afraid________ to Mrs. Priestly. In his place I would rather ______ her. He may depend on her _______ the problem properly.

Выберите один ответ:

a. to speak, to trust, to understand

b. to speak, trust, understanding

c. of speaking, trusting, understanding

d. of speaking, to trust, understanding

Read Text IV SIMPLE LEARNING. Fill in the most suitable word: Pavlov re-directed his efforts to explore a learned, or conditioned, _________ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. answers

b. response

c. reaction

d. responses

Read Text IV SIMPLE LEARNING. Fill in the most suitable word: Scientists have performed a great deal of search with humans and animals in an attempt to _______ a better understanding of the process of learning

Выберите один ответ:

a. make

b. catch

c. do

d. gain

Choose the right variant: Charles said that he _______ me the following day.

Выберите один ответ:

a. would have called

b. will have called

c. would call

d. will call

Read Text IV SIMPLE LEARNING. Fill in the most suitable word: Using any signal that the dog associated with the food, would cause the animal to _________ in almost the same way as if the food was placed directly into his mouth.

Выберите один ответ:

a. response

b. reaction

c. answer

d. respond

Choose the right interpretation of the word in italics: The learned response seemed to be more complicated, as the dogs also acted with an air of expectancy and uncertainty whenever the signal alone was made.

Выберите один ответ:

a. adequate

b. difficult to understand:

c. various

d. easy to understand

Choose the right variant: I knew that she ___________ Madrid before, so I asked her to recommend a good hotel.

Выберите один ответ:

a. had visited

b. has visited

c. has been visiting

d. visited

Read Text IV SIMPLE LEARNING. Fill in the most suitable word: Pavlov was making his research on the reflex processes associated with_________.

Выберите один ответ:

a. realization

b. digestion

c. adoption

d. assimilation

Read Text IV SIMPLE LEARNING. Fill in the most suitable word: Pavlov made the distinction between the natural (unconditioned) and _________ response, as they were not exactly the same.

Выберите один ответ:

a. learned

b. taught

c. studied

d. instructed

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:
“I can listen to you here tomorrow,” she said.

Выберите один ответ:

a. She said she could listen to me there the following day.

b. She said she can listen to me there the following day.

c. She said she could listen to you there the next day.

d. She said she can listen to me here the following day.

Choose the right variant: Simon was wrong when he said that Andrew ________ to his new apartment the next day.

Выберите один ответ:

a. is moving

b. moved

c. would be moving

d. would have moved

the people looking for work and the jobs that are available at that time

Выберите один ответ:

a. labour market

b. wishfulpopulation

c. appetent folk

d. ambitious public

жёсткая политика

Выберите один ответ:

a. strong policy

b. firm policy

c. tight policy

d. hard policy

Choose the right variant: She explained that she ... him because he was rude.

Выберите один ответ:

a. liked

b. would like

c. didn’t like

d. had liked

the need or desire that people have for particular goods and services

Выберите один ответ:

a. want

b. wish

c. service

d. demand

to make the money base shorter

Выберите один ответ:

a. to reduce the cash flow

b. not to lend money to somebody

c. to give money to somebody for a short period of time

d. to contract the money supply

He’ll never forget _______ flying over the Alps.

Выберите один ответ:

a. to fly

b. fly

c. flying

d. having flown

Finding a job means _______ attending many interviews.

Выберите один ответ:

a. having been attended

b. having attended

c. attending

d. to attend

“How about going to the exhibition on Saturday?” he said.

Выберите один ответ:

a. He suggested going to the exhibition .

b. He said to go to the exhibition.

c. He insisted on going to the exhibition.

d. He offered going to the exhibition .

“Did you invite Dan and Sue?” she asked.

Выберите один ответ:

a. She asked whether had we invited Dan and Sue.

b. She asked whether we had invited Dan and Sue.

c. She asked whether we invited Dan and Sue.

d. She asked whether did we invite Dan and Sue.

They aren’t allowed ______ here.

Выберите один ответ:

a. to smoke

b. smoking

c. smoked

d. having smoked

Would you like some coffee?” she said.

Выберите один ответ:

a. She asked you’d like some coffee.

b. She asked if you’d like some coffee.

c. She asked if I’d like some coffee.

d. She asked if I like some coffee.

equipment, inventory

Выберите один ответ:

a. purchase

b. budget

c. tangible assets

d. collateral

The car needs _______..

Выберите один ответ:

a. to be repaired

b. repaired

c. having been repaired

d. being repaired

Choose the right variant: He complained that he ... enough money to buy such an expensive present.

Выберите один ответ:

a. won’t be earning

b. would not be earning

c. didn’t earn

d. doesn’t earn

Open market operations entail managing the quantity of________ through the buying and selling of various financial instruments.

Выберите один ответ:

a. money in circulation

b. federal funds

c. banks

d. treasury bills

I’m sorry for _______ unfair to you.

Выберите один ответ:

a. having

b. been

c. having been

d. be

The firemen are trying _______

Выберите один ответ:

a. to put out

b. having put

c. putting out

d. to have put

He doesn’t allow us _______ here.

Выберите один ответ:

a. smoked

b. smoking

c. to smoke

d. having smoked

After finishing the report, she went on _______ some letters.

Выберите один ответ:

a. type

b. to type

c. typing

d. being typed

the buildings and machines (оor other things) owned by a business or other organization

Выберите один ответ:

a. asset

b. collateral

c. budget

d. purchase

It’s beginning _____ cold

Выберите один ответ:

a. get

b. got

c. getting

d. to get

the percentage charged by a bank etc. when you borrow money or paid to you by a bank when you keep money in an account there

Выберите один ответ:

a. interest rate

b. the purchase of varying financial assets from commercial banks

c. exchange rate

d. commercial grade rate

Choose the right variant: He ________ the money he had earned.

Выберите один ответ:

a. demands

b. demanded to be given

c. will demand

d. demanded to have given

Ruth _____ her prayers and went to bed.

Выберите один ответ:

a. begged

b. exclaimed

c. told

d. said

Sometimes it’s hard to _______ one twin from another.

Выберите один ответ:

a. proclaim

b. propose

c. tell

d. say

“Don’t stop!” he told the children.

Выберите один ответ:

a. He said the children not stop

b. He told the children don’t stop.

c. He told the children not to stop.

d. He said the children not to stop.

I regret ______ this dress; it doesn’t look nice on me.

Выберите один ответ:

a. to have bought

b. bought

c. being bought

d. having bought

Choose the right variant: He claimed that he ________ a prize.

Выберите один ответ:

a. would be winning

b. had been winning

c. had won

d. will win

Choose the right variant: He said that Tom was the best student he ... .

Выберите один ответ:

a. had ever taught

b. would teach

c. will teach

d. was teaching

The assets should be valued with each and every cost

Выберите один ответ:

a. Активы должны быть оценены с позиций затрат

b. Оценка активов является процедурой по установлению рыночной стоимости активов

c. Цель оценки состоит в определении какой-либо оценочной стоимости

d. Оценку активов следует провести с учётом издержек

the amount of money you have to pay for something

Выберите один ответ:

a. bonds

b. bills

c. price

d. change

Choose the right variant: He said the fire__________. a lot of damage to the building.

Выберите один ответ:

a. had been doing

b. had done

c. will do

d. is doing

Choose the right variant: She told him that he ____________ harder.

Выберите один ответ:

a. will study

b. is studying

c. can study

d. should study

the system or type of money that a country uses

Выберите один ответ:

a. interest rate

b. currency

c. exchange rate

d. inflation

an event director

Выберите один ответ:

a. случайный директор

b. ответственный за результат

c. руководитель события

d. руководитель проекта/направления

Choose the right variant: She was worried that her son ___________ very well that semester.

Выберите один ответ:

a. doesn’t study

b. would be studying

c. isn’t studying

d. wasn’t studying

Could you _______ me the way, please?

Выберите один ответ:

a. command

b. say

c. propose

d. tell

a period or process in which business activity is reduced and conditions become worse

Выберите один ответ:

a. downturn

b. fallback

c. falldown

d. falling

Would you mind ________ me what you’re doing?

Выберите один ответ:

a. telling

b. say

c. tell

d. saying

The house wants _____ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. painting

b. being painted

c. have been painted

d. to be painted

“My husband has got two cars,” she said.

Выберите один ответ:

a. She boasted that her husband had got two cars.

b. She boasted that my husband had got two cars.

c. She claimed that her husband has got two cars.

d. She claimed that her husband had got two cars.

She won’t climb up the tree; she is afraid of ______ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. fall

b. having fallen

c. being fallen

d. falling

a plan to show how much money a person or organization will earn and how much they will need or be able to spend:

Выберите один ответ:

a. purchase

b. collateral

c. asset

d. budget

Choose the right variant: He said the bus _______ a little late that day.

Выберите один ответ:

a. could be

b. might be

c. can be

d. will be

Choose the right variant: It was very late, so I _____ to bed.

Выберите один ответ:

a. said I was going

b. said I go

c. say I will go

d. say I am going

When did the monetary policy start?

Выберите один ответ:

a. in the beginning of the 19th century

b. at the end of the 19th century

c. at the end of the 20th century

d. in the middle of the 20th century

If the approach to budgeting is based on figures, tables and graphics it may be named as

Выберите один ответ:

a. personal one

b. humanitarian one

c. mathematical one

d. scientific one

Choose the right variant: They warned us that the manager ________ the office the following day.

Выберите один ответ:

a. will be inspecting

b. would inspect

c. had inspect

d. will inspect

an opinion that everyone in a group agrees with or accepts

Выберите один ответ:

a. acceptance

b. consensus

c. agreement

d. satisfaction

казначейский вексель

Выберите один ответ:

a. account

b. bill

c. bond

d. invoice

процентная ставка

Выберите один ответ:

a. wage rate

b. the rate of interest

c. the rate of percent

d. percent bet

a general, continuous increase in prices:

Выберите один ответ:

a. percentage

b. inflation

c. mass

d. volume

A decrease in the real value of money and other monetary items over time _______ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. is negative effects of inflation

b. is positive effects of inflation

c. means nothing bad for a producer, seller and consumer

d. ) means neither bad nor good for a producer, seller and consumer

Choose the right translation for the underlined word in the sentence: ”Today, most mainstream economists favor a low steady rate of inflation”

Выберите один ответ:

a. предпочитают

b. интересуются

c. поддерживают

d. покровительствуют

What are Inflation's effects on an economy?

Выберите один ответ:

a. ) they can be only negative

b. they can be both positive and negative

c. they can be only positive

d. they can be neither positive nor negative

I don’t remember ______ in this hotel before.

Выберите один ответ:

a. being stayed

b. having been stayed

c. to stay

d. staying

What are monetary authorities?

Выберите один ответ:

a. central banks

b. small and large businesses

c. governments

d. private firms

He means _______ a job abroad.

Выберите один ответ:

a. to find

b. finding

c. found

d. having found

I’m sorry _______ they fired him.

Выберите один ответ:

a. to hear

b. to have heard

c. to hearing

d. hearing

What does the underlined word in the sentence” Low or moderate inflation may be attributed to fluctuations in real demand for goods and services, or changes in available supplies such as during scarcities, as well as to growth in the money supply” mean?

Выберите один ответ:

a. only just or almost not:

b. a lot of something

c. very few and very little

d. a sudden feeling of fear or worry

I’m afraid ______ up that tree.

Выберите один ответ:

a. being climbed

b. having climbed

c. climbing

d. to climb

An intermediary instrument used to facilitate the sale, purchase or trade of goods between parties

Выберите один ответ:

a. the medium of exchange

b. the standard unit of money used in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other countries

c. the coins or notes which are used to buy things, or the amount of these that one person has

d. a large amount of money or valuable possessions that someone has

Remember _________ the door when you leave.

Выберите один ответ:

a. locking

b. to lock

c. lock

d. have locked

Why don’t you try _______ some sugar to the sauce? It might tastes better.

Выберите один ответ:

a. adding

b. to add

c. having added

d. add

Choose the right variant of translation: «Люди приспосабливаются к инфляции, хотя, первоначально, возможно и не предвидели её».

Выберите один ответ:

a. People learn to adjust inflation although it has not anticipated at first.

b. Although inflation may not have anticipated at first, people learn to adjust it.

c. People learn to adjust inflation although it didn’t anticipate at first.

d. Although inflation may not have been anticipated at first, people learn to adjust it.

The don’t allow _______ here.

Выберите один ответ:

a. to smoke

b. having smoked

c. smoked

d. smoking

-21. Complete the text by choosing one of the words from the box.

the old income savings redistribution the young accounts profit inflation house technical progress

In practice, many of the people who have money in banks are (1) _______ . Having built up (2) _______ during their working life, they often put their money into bonds to ensure (3) _______

during old age. These people lose out when there is unexpected (4) _______ and the real value of the bonds falls. They also lose out if they are keeping what they have in non-interest-bearing (5) ______ or under bed.

The young, and especially those just entering middle age, often take out a large mortgage (ссуда под недвижимость) to move into a large (6) ________ and bring up a family. Having borrowed a fixed sum of money to buy a house, they (7) ______- when unexpected inflation increases house prices and incomes without a corresponding increase in the sum they must repay to the bank or building society.

Unexpected inflation redistributes (перераспределять) from (8) ________ to (9) ________.

With (10) _________ and productivity increases, each generation is likely to have a higher living standard than the previous generation. Further (11) _________ from the old to the young increases this inequality between generations.

What are high rates of inflation caused by?

Выберите один ответ:

a. an excessive growth of the money supply

b. excess of goods and services

c. people lose confidence in the value of money

d. insufficient demand for goods

We’d rather _______ to bed early last night.

Выберите один ответ:

a. to have gone

b. to go

c. going

d. have gone

“I can’t stand this any longer!”

“Calm down. There’s no point _______ upset.”

Выберите один ответ:

a. get

b. in getting

c. to get

d. to getting

“What’s pam doing?” “She seems _______.”

Выберите один ответ:

a. to have worked

b. to be working

c. to work

d. working

unit of account

Выберите один ответ:

a. элемент отчёта

b. единица оценки

c. единица расчёта

d. средство обмена

We went into town _______ some new clothes.

Выберите один ответ:

a. buying

b. to have bought

c. to buy

d. for buying

What is a chief measure of price inflation?

Выберите один ответ:

a. price change

b. the inflation rate

c. price index

d. the cost of so called "market basket"

the medium of exchange

Выберите один ответ:

a. dollars

b. currency

c. wealth

d. money

Choose the right variant: Anna explained to me that the hairdresser’s ______ down the road.

Выберите один ответ:

a. was locate

b. was located

c. is located

d. locates

облигация

Выберите один ответ:

a. invoice

b. bill

c. account

d. bond

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:

“The plane will land in half an hour,” the pilot has just announced.

Выберите один ответ:

a. The pilot has just announced that the plane lands in half an hour.

b. The pilot has just announced that the plane will land in half an hour.

c. The pilot has just announced that the plane would land in half an hour.

d. The pilot has just announced that the plane land in half an hour.

“Why won’t you let me in?” he shouted.

Выберите один ответ:

a. He demanded to know why she wouldn’t let him in.

b. He demanded to know why wouldn’t she let him in.

c. He demanded to know why will she not let him in.

d. He demanded to know why she won’t let him in.

Choose the right variant: Bill asked me what _______ for dinner the day before.

Выберите один ответ:

a. I had made

b. was I making

c. I have made

d. had I made

property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money they lend you

Выберите один ответ:

a. budget

b. purchase

c. costs

d. collateral

Choose the right variant: Tim complained that he ______ at four o’clock in the morning.

Выберите один ответ:

a. was working

b. is working

c. had worked

d. will be working

The monetary policy of China is to target the exchange rate between the Chinese renminbi and a basket of foreign currencies

Выберите один ответ:

a. Денежно-кредитная политика Китая состоит в определении обменного курса китайского юаня относительно корзины иностранных валют

b. Монетарная политика Китая нацелена на обмен китайского юаня на корзину других валют.

c. Монетарная политика Китая это таргетирование между юанем и иностранной валютной корзиной.

d. Цель монетарной политики Китая обменять юань на другие валюты.

The primary tool of monetary policy is _________ .

Выберите один ответ:

a. central bank

b. open market operations

c. interest rate

d. exchange rate

If the approach to budgeting is compiled with the account of human factor it is defined as

Выберите один ответ:

a. sympathized one

b. focused on people

c. humane one

d. managerial one

the vault is

Выберите один ответ:

a. company bonds

b. bank reserves

c. foreign currencies

d. treasury bills

the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country

Выберите один ответ:

a. currency

b. exchange rate

c. interest rate

d. inflation

She _______ me that she couldn’t drive.

Выберите один ответ:

a. said

b. told

c. promised

d. suggested

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:

“Have you ever been to London?” my friend asked.

Выберите один ответ:

a. My friend was interested if I had ever been to London.

b. My friend was interested if I have ever been to London.

c. My friend was interested if I had been ever to London.

d. My friend was interested if I have been ever to London.

to determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply, which in turn affects interest rates

Выберите один ответ:

a. to regulate the system of issuing currency

b. to reduce the size of the money supply

c. to borrow money

d. to execute the monetary policy

Choose the right variant: I saw that she_________ to hold back her tears.

Выберите один ответ:

a. has been trying

b. tries

c. was trying

d. is trying

I promise to ______ the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.

Выберите один ответ:

a. say

b. tell

c. claim

d. proclaim

How many trends of monetary there exist?

Выберите один ответ:

a. 3

b. 2

c. 4

d. 5

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:

“Who did you see at the lecture yesterday?” my mother said.

Выберите один ответ:

a. My mother wanted to know who I had seen at the lecture the day before.

b. My mother wanted to know who I had seen at the lecture yesterday.

c. My mother wanted to know who I saw at the lecture the day before.

d. My mother wanted to know who had I seen at the lecture the day before.

What’s the primary tool of monetary policy?

Выберите один ответ:

a. increasing the money supply

b. open market operations

c. money's price

d. to curb inflation

_________ rests on the relationship between the rates of interest in an economy.

Выберите один ответ:

a. Bretton Woods system

b. fiscal policy

c. monetary policy

d. Debt Policy

Choose the right variant: She said that the robber________ her when she was opening the door to her apartment.

Выберите один ответ:

a. attacked

b. had attacked

c. was attacking

d. has attacked

to print and to send out by the Central Bank some money

Выберите один ответ:

a. to exchange banknotes

b. to issue currency

c. to alter money

d. to increase in prices

_________ is a fundamental tool to predict with reasonable accuracy whether the event will result in a profit, a loss or will break-even.

Выберите один ответ:

a. amount of the reserve

b. overhead expense

c. budget

d. financial model

Choose the right variant: I wanted to see her but I didn't know if she________ in town.

Выберите один ответ:

a. was

b. had been

c. were

Choose the right variant: Ben asked him whether he ______ a motorcycle.

Выберите один ответ:

a. will be riding

b. will ride

c. could ride

d. can ride

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:

“How are you?” he asked.

Выберите один ответ:

a. He asked how I am.

b. He asked how am I.

c. He asked how was I.

d. He asked how I was.

Choose the right variant: Alex wondered if ... for the weekend at his place.

Выберите один ответ:

a. his sister was going to stay

b. his sister will stay

c. his sister is going to stay

d. his sister will be going to stay

At the beginning monetary policy was used to maintain ………...

Выберите один ответ:

a. national currency

b. gold standard

c. foreign policy

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:

“I’ve already seen the play,” he’s told me.

Выберите один ответ:

a. He’s told me that he had already saw the play.

b. He’s told me that he had already seen the play.

c. He’s told me that he’s already seen the play.

d. He’s told me that he’s already saw the play.

Choose the right variant: He said that if I _________Kathrin, she _______ me.

Выберите один ответ:

a. have asked / would help

b. ask / will help

c. asked / would help

d. would ask /

Choose the right variant: He knew that she_______ as her eyes were red.

Выберите один ответ:

a. had been crying

b. has been crying

c. was crying

d. is crying

The budget should contain a narrative explaining how you decided on the amount of this reserve

Выберите один ответ:

a. Бюджету следует содержать нарративное объяснение, как вы определяли сумму этого резерва

b. Бюджет должен содержать рассказ, объясняющий, как вы решились на сумму этого резерва

c. Бюджет должен включать словесное обоснование как вы решились на сумму этого резерва

d. Бюджет должен содержать объяснение составителя по поводу той суммы, которую он намеревается потратить

Choose the right variant: I asked her whether she_______ there with me, but she said no.

Выберите один ответ:

a. is going

b. would go

c. goes

d. will go

“We’ll meet her next week,” they said.

Выберите один ответ:

a. They said they will meet her next week.

b. They said they’d meet her the following week.

c. They said they will meet her the following week.

d. They said they will meet her the next week.

Choose the right variant: I wasn’t sure if my purchases _______ or not and I didn’t know whom to ask about it.

Выберите один ответ:

a. was being delivered

b. had been delivered

c. will be delivered

d. delivered

Choose the right variant: He said that he ... that film.

Выберите один ответ:

a. would just see

b. had already seen

c. has already seen

d. was seen

The budget of a company is usually compiled ………..

Выберите один ответ:

a. annually

b. usually

c. monthly

d. weekly

Choose the right variant: Pam asked him why he _______ his job.

Выберите один ответ:

a. would want to leave

b. wants to leave

c. wanted to leaving

d. wanted to leave

Traditionally the ________ compiles the company's budget.

Выберите один ответ:

a. Finance department manager

b. accountant

c. manager

d. runner of the business

Choose the right variant: Greg said that ________ a new job.

Выберите один ответ:

a. he will need

b. has needed

c. he needed

d. would he need

Monetary policy has generally been formed separately from …………..

Выберите один ответ:

a. fiscal policy

b. federal funds

c. the European Central Bank

d. Federal Reserve System

Which trend of monetary policy is imaginary?

Выберите один ответ:

a. to increase interest rates by fiat

b. to increase reserve requirements

c. to reduce the monetary base

d. to issue currency

Choose the right variant of transforming Direct speech into Reported one:

“We saw him today,” he said.

Выберите один ответ:

a. He said they’d seen him this day.

b. He said they’d saw him that day.

c. He said they’d seen him that day.

d. He said they’d saw him this day.

to target the exchange rate

Выберите один ответ:

a. to buy foreign currency

b. to schedule the value of one country’s currency in relation to another currency

c. to have cash available for resale immediately

d. to be open to a wide range of different types of buyers and sellers

What does the underlined word in this sentence mean:“The figures diverge wildly from the budget.”

Выберите один ответ:

a. be just the same

b. follow the same direction

c. be indifferent

d. become different

Choose the right variant: I was worried if ________ enough space to buy a new TV set to my room.

Выберите один ответ:

a. I would have

b. I will have

c. had

d. would I have

“They were here three months ago,” he said.

Выберите один ответ:

a. He said they had been there three months ago.

b. He said they were there three months ago.

c. He said they had been there three months before.

d. He said they had been here three months before.

When a company owns some material things they are called _________

Выберите один ответ:

a. intangible assets

b. tangible assets

c. liabilities

d. costs

Choose the right variant: He said that they_______-each other for many years.

Выберите один ответ:

a. knew

b. had known

c. have known

d. know

Choose the right variant: My younger daughter learned in class yesterday that the Earth_______ around the Sun.

Выберите один ответ:

a. is revolving

b. revolved

c. revolves

d. was revolving

something that you buy

Выберите один ответ:

a. costs

b. budget

c. collateral

d. purchase

Choose the right variant: He told me that he would visit them when he ________ from Spain.

Выберите один ответ:

a. would return

b. has returned

c. will return

d. returned

the price at which money can be borrowed

Выберите один ответ:

a. borrowed percent

b. the percent of the sum

c. money orice

d. the rate of interest

 “to mitigate recessions” means

Выберите один ответ:

a. to make a period when the economy of a country is not successful more painful

b. to help the economy flourish

c. to make economy tougher

d. to make a period when the economy of a country is not successful less severe